Ladder of abstraction is when words can be arranged from being extremely abstract to being very specific. When you describe things in such a way that the reader almost feels as if they are reliving the story, it evokes images and you are low on the ladder of abstraction. When you are low on that ladder you are being extremely specific and descriptive.
Concrete words are descriptive words that invoke images and sensations. They can transform a story from being bland and boring to being lively and enchanting. You can get the same point across without using concrete words, but the story will be a lot less entertaining and engaging and a lot more bland. Sometimes using unfamiliar and unique language or words can confuse the reader. As long as you elaborate and explain what you are saying, it can puzzle and excite the reader for a brief moment. They can look forward to finding out the meaning. Even the sound of the word itself can invoke imagery and sensation.
When you use metaphors you can make literal words and experiences more exciting and tangible. Sometimes it is hard to explain an event and write it out so the reader can feel and experience the emotion that you felt during the actual event. "Figurative language abounds when literal words fail." Using metaphors can make a picture more clear and make an experience more realistic and exciting. Trope is a synonym for figurative language. There are more way than just metaphors to use figurative language. Ambiguous words can have double meanings. These words can immerse the reader deeper into the imagery and story.
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